1.Research Essay:-
I). Marijuana: Should it be legalized or
not?
In my early childhood, I was
influenced negatively by my teachers and elders about marijuana and its use. As
I grew older, I thought, analyzed, and understood the positive consequences of
using marijuana, so I am writing a research paper on marijuana and its use. It
may be the reason that marijuana is illegal is because of the ignorance and
gullibility of government leaders and lawyers who made it illegal some decade
ago. According to the National Survey on Drug and Health in 2010,
“Marijuana was the most used illicit drug, with 17.4 million users in the past
month." Use is on the rise, too, it found: "From 2007 to 2010,
use is up from 5.8% to 6.9%.” The debate over the legalization of marijuana is
controversial and it is a contemporary issue in the United States.
For
centuries, it has been used for religious, recreational and medicinal purposes,
even though it is illegal. Some parts of the world are free to use marijuana
and some are not. It makes me think about the logic behind the idea or the laws
about marijuana. Stv news reported, “In 1972, the US Congress placed marijuana
in Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act because they considered it to
have no accepted medical use. Since then, 16 of 50 US states and DC have
legalized the medical use of marijuana.” Some people have suggested that
marijuana shouldn't be legalized because of its physical effects, economic
problems, and governmental issues whereas, some people suggested that marijuana
should be legalized to increase the economy of the nation, to give freedom to
people to decide whether to use it and to decrease the price of medicine.
Some people suggest that marijuana should be legalized to increase the economy of the nation. The government is investing a large amount of money to control illicit drugs. If marijuana is legalized, the money would be used for development. If it is legalized, government can accomplish financial gain through the taxation of marijuana. According to Joe Kelin, a statistician from Parade magazine, government spend $68 billion per year on corrections of prisoners and one third of those being corrected are serving time for non violent drug crimes. They spend $150 billion on policing and courts and 47.5% of all drug arrests are marijuana related.
Some people suggest that marijuana should be legalized to increase the economy of the nation. The government is investing a large amount of money to control illicit drugs. If marijuana is legalized, the money would be used for development. If it is legalized, government can accomplish financial gain through the taxation of marijuana. According to Joe Kelin, a statistician from Parade magazine, government spend $68 billion per year on corrections of prisoners and one third of those being corrected are serving time for non violent drug crimes. They spend $150 billion on policing and courts and 47.5% of all drug arrests are marijuana related.
Keeping marijuana illegal makes it expensive,
but if we can make it legal; we can increase the economy by selling it and
collecting taxes. People believe that it is a waste of money and the laws about
marijuana are useless. If we can make it legal we can control the black money
used for selling and buying marijuana. The government would save money instead
of investing in law enforcement. If we are able to legalize marijuana, the
crime rate would go down; which in turn can save the economy of a country.
Many
people argue that if marijuana is legalized, it can be a gate way to other
drugs. Phd. Kandel writes that the use of marijuana precedes the use of other
illicit drugs. This has been observed in the United States as well as in
other western societies. He also adds that there is a link between 2 different
kinds of substances; that is the initiation of marijuana can lead to the other
illicit substances.
Representatives
Barney Frank (D-Mass.) and Ron Paul (R-Texas) introduced a bill that would end
federal prohibition of marijuana production, distribution and possession."The
legislation ... focuses federal law enforcement on violent criminals and
organized crime instead of marijuana offenders, and saves taxpayer money,"
said Bill Piper, Director of National Affairs for the Drug Policy Alliance.
Therefore, legal distribution of marijuana will increase the economy of the
nation by collecting taxes which in turn reduces black money.
On one hand, marijuana should be legalized to provide freedom of choice to the people. People have right to make their choices and decisions in their life. According to Lymann and Potter, “a free society allows its people to do as they wish so long as they harm no one.” The personal life of an individual should not be controlled by the government. Under certain circumstances, government has the right to take actions against its people. It is to say that the government has right to control an individual if and only if the actions made by an individual endanger to other people in the society. The fundamental liberty is a major aspect that is forcing the US to legalize marijuana. Individuals are well aware that marijuana is less dangerous than alcohol and even tobacco. What is a life without individual freedom?
On the other hand, some people think that the use of marijuana may grow rapidly if it is made legal considering it with the concept of freedom. Dr. Dupont, president of Institute for Behavior and Health said that if the U.S. were to legalize marijuana, the number of marijuana users would increase. Today there are 15.2 million current marijuana users in comparison to 129 million alcohol users and 70.9 million tobacco users.
While some claims marijuana should be legalized for the medical purposes. Governors Lincoln Chafee (I-R.I) and Chris Gregoire (D-Wash.) called on the Drug Enforcement Administration to reclassify marijuana as a Schedule II drug, which would allow it to be dispensed for medicinal use. The price of medicine will be decreased to some extent if marijuana is legalized. It can be used as a powerful appetite stimulant, to help with eating disorders. Some studies have shown positive results of marijuana on different diseases such as cancer, AIDS, and eating disorders. Most of the marijuana users defined it as “a pain and stress reliever.” Drug dealers are against legalizing marijuana because they want to continue to profit from expensive drug sales. For the treatment of several life debilitating and life threatening conditions, legalization of marijuana is very important.
On one hand, marijuana should be legalized to provide freedom of choice to the people. People have right to make their choices and decisions in their life. According to Lymann and Potter, “a free society allows its people to do as they wish so long as they harm no one.” The personal life of an individual should not be controlled by the government. Under certain circumstances, government has the right to take actions against its people. It is to say that the government has right to control an individual if and only if the actions made by an individual endanger to other people in the society. The fundamental liberty is a major aspect that is forcing the US to legalize marijuana. Individuals are well aware that marijuana is less dangerous than alcohol and even tobacco. What is a life without individual freedom?
On the other hand, some people think that the use of marijuana may grow rapidly if it is made legal considering it with the concept of freedom. Dr. Dupont, president of Institute for Behavior and Health said that if the U.S. were to legalize marijuana, the number of marijuana users would increase. Today there are 15.2 million current marijuana users in comparison to 129 million alcohol users and 70.9 million tobacco users.
While some claims marijuana should be legalized for the medical purposes. Governors Lincoln Chafee (I-R.I) and Chris Gregoire (D-Wash.) called on the Drug Enforcement Administration to reclassify marijuana as a Schedule II drug, which would allow it to be dispensed for medicinal use. The price of medicine will be decreased to some extent if marijuana is legalized. It can be used as a powerful appetite stimulant, to help with eating disorders. Some studies have shown positive results of marijuana on different diseases such as cancer, AIDS, and eating disorders. Most of the marijuana users defined it as “a pain and stress reliever.” Drug dealers are against legalizing marijuana because they want to continue to profit from expensive drug sales. For the treatment of several life debilitating and life threatening conditions, legalization of marijuana is very important.
Tens of thousands of serious traffic accidents have been linked to
marijuana use. Out of 2500 emergency admissions caused by effects of marijuana
use, 300 of those patients were under the age of 18(Walters). Some people argue
that marijuana has adverse effects on the fetal growth of the pregnant woman.
Taylor, MPH for health and public policy writes
that smoked marijuana increases heart rate and may decrease blood pressure. It
also increases risk of cancer, lung damage, and bacterial pneumonia. It is also
believed that people who use marijuana for long time have short term memory
loss.
While other says that marijuana should not be legalized for medical purposes. It contains known toxins and cancer-inducing chemicals, which are stored in fat cells for long periods of time. Scientific research relates marijuana use to damaged brain cells and respiratory systems, decreased hormone production in both sexes, acute memory loss, lowered immune systems and impaired motor skills. THC and marijuana smoke have been directly linked to miscarriage, in-utero fetal death, stillbirth and infant death just after birth, along with behavioral and biological abnormalities of offspring.
According to Abu-Shraie, et al, “There are five general indications for medical marijuana: (1) severe nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy or other causes, (2) weight loss associated with debilitating illnesses, including HIV infection and cancer, (3) spasticity secondary to neurologic diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, (4) pain syndromes, and (5) other uses, such as for glaucoma.” Thousands of people who are seriously suffering from illness are waiting for the legalization of marijuana. Although it is not a cure, it is believed that it can relieve pain and suffering. Thus, the legalization of marijuana is most important for medical purposes.
In conclusion, the number of deaths by marijuana use is zero. Marijuana should be legalized for three main reasons. Marijuana should be legalized to increase the economy of the country, to provide feeling of freedom to an individual, and to decrease the cost of medicine. If it is legalized, nobody will be forced to use it. To stop the war on drugs, it should be legalized. Otherwise, it will never end. Government should have to do some research on medical marijuana before making it legal, whether it is worthy for medical purposes or not. It has been legalized in some of the states in the US and in some European countries namely Belgium and Holland. Italy, Spain and Portugal are also in the process of legalizing it. Government should make regulations that can define the circumstances of using medical marijuana. Legal distribution of marijuana will decrease abuse amongst teenagers. All in all, legalizing marijuana would not only benefit the users, but government can also take advantages of it. It is legal for a person to use tobacco and cigarettes, but not marijuana. If government provides a chance to vote on whether marijuana should be illegal or not, I believe that one of your votes will be in favor of legalizing marijuana. Some day in future, VA will legalize marijuana. Then people from Virginia do not have to go to DC and California for medical marijuana. Some people may start using marijuana, if it legalized. Like alcohol and cigarettes, it is your choice to take marijuana or not. If marijuana is made legal, nobody will force you to use, sell or buy it.
While other says that marijuana should not be legalized for medical purposes. It contains known toxins and cancer-inducing chemicals, which are stored in fat cells for long periods of time. Scientific research relates marijuana use to damaged brain cells and respiratory systems, decreased hormone production in both sexes, acute memory loss, lowered immune systems and impaired motor skills. THC and marijuana smoke have been directly linked to miscarriage, in-utero fetal death, stillbirth and infant death just after birth, along with behavioral and biological abnormalities of offspring.
According to Abu-Shraie, et al, “There are five general indications for medical marijuana: (1) severe nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy or other causes, (2) weight loss associated with debilitating illnesses, including HIV infection and cancer, (3) spasticity secondary to neurologic diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, (4) pain syndromes, and (5) other uses, such as for glaucoma.” Thousands of people who are seriously suffering from illness are waiting for the legalization of marijuana. Although it is not a cure, it is believed that it can relieve pain and suffering. Thus, the legalization of marijuana is most important for medical purposes.
In conclusion, the number of deaths by marijuana use is zero. Marijuana should be legalized for three main reasons. Marijuana should be legalized to increase the economy of the country, to provide feeling of freedom to an individual, and to decrease the cost of medicine. If it is legalized, nobody will be forced to use it. To stop the war on drugs, it should be legalized. Otherwise, it will never end. Government should have to do some research on medical marijuana before making it legal, whether it is worthy for medical purposes or not. It has been legalized in some of the states in the US and in some European countries namely Belgium and Holland. Italy, Spain and Portugal are also in the process of legalizing it. Government should make regulations that can define the circumstances of using medical marijuana. Legal distribution of marijuana will decrease abuse amongst teenagers. All in all, legalizing marijuana would not only benefit the users, but government can also take advantages of it. It is legal for a person to use tobacco and cigarettes, but not marijuana. If government provides a chance to vote on whether marijuana should be illegal or not, I believe that one of your votes will be in favor of legalizing marijuana. Some day in future, VA will legalize marijuana. Then people from Virginia do not have to go to DC and California for medical marijuana. Some people may start using marijuana, if it legalized. Like alcohol and cigarettes, it is your choice to take marijuana or not. If marijuana is made legal, nobody will force you to use, sell or buy it.
Work
Cited
Barlow, Tom “Marijuana: Half the Nation Believes It
should be Legal” Forbes. Lifestyle, Web.
28 Oct. 2010. Web. 1 Apr. 2012.
DuPont, Dr. Robert L. “Why we should
not legalize Marijuana” Cnbc. special
report,
Commentary
and analysis, 20 Apr. 2010. Web. 20 Apr. 2012.
“Feds should Reclassify Marijuana to allow
Medical Use.” Huffingtonpost. Hoffingpost,
1 Dec.
2011. Web. 27 Mar. 2012.
Kelin, Joe. “Why Legalizing
Marijuana makes sense.” Times magazine
US. Time Inc, 2 Apr.
2009. Web. 1 Mar. 2012.
Lymann, Michael D, Potter. “Drugs in society.”
Political science, Anderson pub co. 4ed. 2010
Print. P398. 5 Mar. 2012
Malkus, Will. “I Hate It Here: Why Do we Still Talk About Weed?”
The Elm. 20 Apr. 2012.
Web. 22 Apr. 2012.
Nada A. Abu-Shraie, et al. "Medical
Marijuana And The Developing Role Of The Pharmacist."
American Journal of Health-System
Pharmacy
64.10 (2007): 1037-1044. Academic Search
Complete. Web. 2 Apr.
2012.
Phd.
Kandel, Denise B. “Does Marijuana Use Cause the Use of Other Drugs?” Jama
Editorial. 289 (4) 482- 483. 2003
Web. 20 Apr. 2012.
Reader, Stephen. “Barney Frank and Ron Paul Introduce
Marijuana Legalization Bill.” WNYC.
Newyork
Public Radio, 23 June 2011. Web. 01 Mar. 2012.
“Man
ends up in court after reporting theft of own cannabis plants from home.” Stv
news,
31 Aug. 2011. Web. 29 Mar. 2012.
Taylor,
Tia “Supporting Research Into the Therapeutic Role of Marijuana.” American
College of physicians. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians; 2008:
Position Paper. Web. 17 Apr. 2012. (Available From American College of
Physicians, 190 N. Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA19106.)
Walters, John P. "Medical Marijuana Proponents Seek to
Legitimize All Marijuana Use."
Current Controversies: Drug
Legalization. Ed. Karen F. Balkin. San Diego: Greenhaven
Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center.
Gale.Web. 3 Apr. 2012.
<http://find.galegroup.com.ezproxy.vccs.edu:2048/ovrc/infomark.do?&source=gale&srcprod=OVRC&prodId=OVRC&userGroupName=viva2_nvcc&tabID=T010&docId=EJ3010211263&type=retrieve&contentSet=GSRC&version=1.0>.
“Why
Marijuana should Remain Illegal.” New
York Times 26 Feb. 1994:22. Academic
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Web. 19 Apr.2012.
II). Roman Engineering
Entrance:-
The concept of Engineering comes from the
word ‘engine’. Although there were not highly equipped tools in ancient period,
the Stone Age leads to the formation of stone and bone made tools whereas Neolithic
age leads to the formation of various tools and engine. The story of engineering
comes from the history when men work for the betterment of the people who
created different tools, machines and structures, now called engineers. In
other words, all the innovators and designers together are called engineers.
All the revolution of engineering construction comes from the way of doing
agriculture, irrigation, making palaces, construction of dams and canals,
supply of water, saving food underground. Since three types of people were engaged
in three different kinds of construction, the first engineers in the world were
considered to be irrigators, architects and military engineers.[1]
Everybody in the world is familiar with the great Julius Caesar, but the
Sergius Orata, the Roman building contractor, who invented central indirect
house heating. Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Greek, Hellenistic, early Roman, later
Roman, Oriental, and European are considered the chronological orders of the
Engineering developed in the history. If
we go back to the history, Greek and Roman engineers were more popular than the
other engineers; Iranian, Indian and Chinese[2].
The Roman Engineering is considered
as the fundament of ancient world for the development of the civilization, construction
and world’s history.
The
Ancient and Later Roman Engineering:-
The ancient Roman engineers’ were motivated
by Etruscans and Greeks. Roman were very active, so they built homes, bridges,
roads, harbor works, temples, adequate, baths, sewers, public buildings,
palaces, pyramids, forts, forums and permanent structures. Roman Engineering
was mainly civil engineering simply called technicians, surveyors, and levelers.[3]
In Rome, there were abundant amount of natural resources such as brick, stone
and timber. The labors were usually cheap and even they have had thousands of
slaves. Roman architects and engineers made improved machinery and reshaped
earth for human convenience. Roman followed the techniques of Babylon and Tyre
to make modern buildings which are prevented from waters like in the New York
City these days. [4]
Glasses and heating system were used in housing. They built the thick layered
road which last for centuries. Besides that, they constructed drainage and
sanitary system. In addition, Cesar’s bridge was one of the greatest
achievements of ancient roman engineers.
Agriculture revolution, which
began 10,000 years ago slowly, leads to engineering. The concept of engineering
began from the early human civilization. It is well-known fact that the
industrial revolution began two centuries ago has improved the innovation, which
today is called modern engineering. The later Roman Engineering has its own
importance. The most eminent engineer and builder of the Roman world were done
by later Roman Engineers. Roman engineers had big effort and contribution for
the construction of famous city called Rome as we are well-known to the
quotation, “Rome was not built in a day.” “The step pyramid of King Joser at Saqqara,”
“The Great pyramid of King Khufu at Giza,” “The colosseum in Rome,” “The pharos
of Alexandria,” “The aqueducts of Rome,” “The Pont du Gard, France
(three-levele Roman aqueduct bridge), “Roman Bridge in Vaison la Romaine, France”
“The great clock of Gaza,” “The stupa of Amravati,” “The temple of Sun at Konarak, India,” were some of the constructions made by Roman Engineers.[5] Windmills, water lifting pump, water mill, steam engine, water dispenser (wood croft), and cylinder pump were devices developed by Roman. With the down fall of Rome, the ancient world came to an end, but engineering is progressing day by day.
“The great clock of Gaza,” “The stupa of Amravati,” “The temple of Sun at Konarak, India,” were some of the constructions made by Roman Engineers.[5] Windmills, water lifting pump, water mill, steam engine, water dispenser (wood croft), and cylinder pump were devices developed by Roman. With the down fall of Rome, the ancient world came to an end, but engineering is progressing day by day.
Efforts of Roman Engineering:-
Roman
made a great effort into engineering. Julius Caesar was one
of the important leaders who came up with an idea of construction. Roman used
the arch shape in most of the construction which became a new idea for huge
construction in the field of engineering because the arch shape can support the
heavy load. Roman engineering thus plays a great role in the history and
civilization of ancient world. Roman engineering led to the improvements of
lifestyle. Thousands years old Roman road even exists today. Roman roads are
famous and they did a great deal of money in trade in Europe using these roads.
Roman used the soldiers to built road, so they could be expertise. Besides
soldiers, they also used slaves to built building and roads. Roman Engineering
expands all over the Europe the expansion of Roman emperor by construction of
buildings, baths and roads. Roman roads were considered as the back bone of
ancient civilization and amazing pieces from the history to see. The roads were
straight so that military can fast forward.
The
idea of supplying water to Rome initiates Roman engineering. The problem of
supplying of water in Rome was solved by the technology, now called hydraulic
engineering. Hydraulic engineering became a main focus for the urbanization of
Rome after the catastrophic Tiber river flood. Hydraulic engineering exists in
Rome for the prevention of flood by river at river bank. A Roman aqueduct at
Segovia at Spain is a popular water supply project in engineering even these days. Although the idea of supplying
running water into cities was developed in east, roman transformed it into
technology. Roman Engineering is considered the improved engineers for design
and construction. Roman engineering guaranteed the
supply of excess fresh water, 250 million gallons a day. Eleven aqueducts
brought this precious resource to city from rivers and springs in the hills to
the south and east.[6] They are supposed to get enough credit for
what they did to make a civilization in the past. Based on the fact of still
existence of roads, bridges and aqueducts, Roman Engineering is the foundation
for the modern engineering these days too.
According to Hinds “A water commissioner in 97
C.E. expressed the Romans’ pride in these marvels of practical engineering in
this way: will anybody compare the idle pyramids, or those other useless though
renowned works of the Greeks with these aqueducts, these many indispensable
structures?” Romans are famous for the technology and advanced engineering
which they accomplished. Their construction has surpassed many generations and
most other civilization of most of the time. Those structures have withstood
the test of time to inspire others.[7]
Conclusion:-
In
conclusion, The Roman Engineering is considered as the fundation, pillar and
column of an ancient world for the development of the civilization, construction
and world’s history. There are various reasons that the Roman Engineering has
its own importance in the history and civilization of ancient world. The
popularity of Rome and Roman engineering is because of its architectural
designs and the construction all over Europe. The most wonderful constructions
in the ancient world were made by Romans. Since they have left long lasting
structures in the ancient world, Roman engineering is the important part of
ancient history that needs to be conserved.
See
also:-
“The Ancient Engineers” L. Sparague
de Camp
“Roman Engineering” by Lambert M.
Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
“Everyday Life in Roman Empire” by
Kathryn Hinds
External
links:-
Work Cited:-
Hinds, Kathryn. Everyday Life in Roman Empire. Print. P78 Charlotte,
Williamson 2002.
Endnotes:-
[1] “The Ancient Engineers” by L. Sparague de
Camp. The coming of the engineers Chap.1 P.9
[2] “The Ancient Engineers” The coming of the
engineers Chap.1 p.11
[3]
“The Ancient Engineers” The ancient roman engineers Chap.6 p.172,173
[4] The
Ancient Engineers” The ancient roman engineers
Chap.6 p.177
[5]
“The Ancient Engineers” The later roman engineers Chap.7 p.234-235
[6]
“Everyday Life in Roman Empire” by Kathryn Hinds
2. Descriptive Essay:-
A village: Sangachok
People want to live in a place which they can enjoy the most. Various people like various places all over the world. If somebody asks you “Where do you want to visit during your vacation?”, obviously, the answers are the well known and the most amazing places around the world, but I would rather say the name of a small village, Sangachok, where I was born. It is the place of my choice. Not only was I born there, but I also enjoyed my early child hood there. My favorite place is Sangachok for three main reasons: it's geography, people and culture.
First, Sangachok is my favorite village because of its geography. It lies in the Sindhupalchok district of central Nepal. The two winding rivers namely Sunkoshi and Indrawati are the boundaries and also give a v-shape to the village. It is located on the lap of the Jyugal mountains surrounded by green forest. Sangachok is surrounded by Kavrepalanchok district on the south and west, Thulosirubari village on the north, Kadambas village on the north-east and Thokarpa village on the east. Sangachok is a small village which is 68 kilometers from Kathmandu, the capitol city of Nepal. The one and only highway to China, Araniko highway passes from Sangachok and also the pitched road goes from the mid part of Sangachok to Chautara, the headquarters of Sindhupalchok. On the summit, there are green forests from which one can smell the freshness and fragrance of flowers and ferns. In addition, you can hear the chirping sound of birds. In the middle, there is some housing and lands for farming. Generally, the houses there are made up of wood, stone and mud with thatched roofs. At the lower part, there are fertile lands for food and crops, where you can see the farmers at work and the green paddies. Moreover, you can hear the melodious sound produced by rivers all day and night. You get the taste of fresh spring water at the lower land of Sangachok. Sangachok Village Development committee is a collection of small villages namely Bhanjyang, Newar gaun, Kotthok, Tallathok, Pallatol, Swarthowk, Pokhere, Bahar ko bot, Nursery, Panichaur, Katunjepani, Phalate, Birtathok, Tamangaun, Kavre, Deurali, Harre, Jalkini, Ranathok, Khatrithok, Karkitar, Chotedanda, Chhap, Ranitar, Bhandanda, Kolta, Sukute, Bhimtar, Chehere, Shahithok, Lapsse, Pakhagaun, and so on. Besides the structure of Sangachok, people who live there make the village my favorite place to live.
Second, Sangachok is my favorite village because of the people who live here. About 12000 people are living in the sangachok village development committee. Although they live in different parts of Sangachok, have different jobs and occupation, they appear in unity. Most of the people in Sangachok are farmers; besides that, a lot of people are drivers. Others are priests, milkmen, oilmen, salesmen, teachers, government officers, carpenter, and fishermen. People here are helpful, humble, co-operative and religiously tolerant. People gather at birth and wedding ceremonies as well as for funeral mass processions. The crime rate is close to zero because almost all people know each other. They provide a great contribution in making the infra-structure. People in Sangachok live a simple life, unlike people who live in town. In addition, rural folks from Sangachok are hardworking, harmonious, energetic and believe in struggling. About 70% of people are well educated, but old people are still superstitious. Moreover, people who follow different cultures inspire me to like Sangachok as the best place to live.
Third, my favorite place is Sangachok because it is a multicultural community. It has many cultural beliefs, traditions and variation among the people. Some people are Hindu, whereas some are Buddhist . They respect others' culture and beliefs, though there is a big ethnic diversity. Sangachok is a multi-religion, multi-language, multi-occupation following village. They wear different kinds of clothes during different festivals. They speak different languages such as 'Sanskrit', 'Newari', 'Tamang', Nepalese and English. The traditions of living in a family and a society minimizes an individual's role in a society. There are varieties of tribes who live in Sangachok such as 'Tamang', 'Mangar', 'Giri','Puri', 'Bharati', 'Brahman', 'Bishwo Karma', 'Nepali', 'Sarki', 'Chhetri' and many more. Each of the tribes have their own culture and traditions. The multicultural society gives the identity of Sangachok as a whole. Although Sangachok is not rich in economy, it is rich in cultural resources and heritages like temples, or old architectural houses.
Among the different features of Sangachok, it's location, well-known faces among folks and multicultural community are the three major facts. Sangachok is a village in a developing country, it is more infra-structured and developed than the rest of the villages in Nepal. Sangachok is full of natural beauty and cultural heritages, so tourism could be a source of earning for the people who live there. Rivers and forests are also the major attraction to the village that could help the villager to sustain great ecological balance and Eco-tourism. Although Sangachok lacks medical facilities, quality education, economy, wealthy and luxury life, you can get peace and happiness in Sangachok. Therefore, Sangachok is my favorite place.
3. Personal Research Essay:-
Texting
while Driving should be Banned
When
I was small, I used to watch movies and I loved to see the spinning rims that
rotate in opposite direction to the tires. A week ago, I was looking at the
same fascinating picture in real life on highway 495 while I was sitting on a
mahogany chair at the balcony of my apartment. Suddenly, I saw an accident
which gave me my topic for the personal research essay. Every year, a lot of people are killed
because of road accidents, but no one knows when an accident is going to
happen. Even though we cannot stop road accidents, we can reduce road accident
to certain level if we focus on the road. Avoiding the distraction while
driving can minimize the chances of road accidents, and it definitely increases
traffic safety. There are various things that can be distracting to a driver. With
the increase in use of cell-phone while driving, the number of road accidents
also has been rising day by day. Texting while driving for some seconds is the
inattention which is the leading cause of road accidents these days. One of the major distractions during driving
is texting which causes a lot of accidents each year. In fact, Texting while
driving should be banned for various reasons.
It
was a year ago when I hit a car at the intersection between Columbia Pike Rd
and Gallows Rd. It snowed the whole day and it took me 9 hours to reach my
apartment at Alexandria from Tyson Corner. When the accident happened, I was
texting to my cousin saying that I might not reach home because of traffic and
snow. However, I told to my insurance company that the accident happened
because of snow that made my brakes fail to work. The distraction was nothing
other than texting on a cellphone. The distraction led to accident when I was
unable to do two activities simultaneously. Since that day, I realized texting
should not be done while driving.
Passenger seat is the place where I put my cellphone which is on silent
mode while I drive.
Should
texting be allowed while driving? Some
people may think it is okay to text while driving, then he/she may have
forgotten that he/she cannot drive while closing his/her eyes. Texting while
driving is like driving with closed eyes. If the people were not affected by
the drivers who text while driving, they would not have agreed to ban texting
while driving. If texting was not an issue to be banned, different states and
D.C. would not have made it illegal. Not only texting while driving may cause
an accident, but it also has very bad effect on traffic safety. A possible
dangers associated with technology can be considered as texting. Nothing else
made me scary other than texting while driving while I am researching
statistics about road accidents due to distraction caused by cellphone while
driving.
Texting
while driving sometime leads to traffic jam. When we fail to see on the road,
we are failing to obey traffic signs and signals. According to National Safety
Council, “The three basic types of distraction are visual, manual and
cognitive. The texting includes all three types; the human brain cannot
multitask, but it can juggle tasks very rapidly. A person who is texting while
driving is overloading his brain, requiring divided attention.” I have seen the
vehicle in the middle of two lanes while they are texting. Sometimes, a driver
unnecessarily de-accelerates while texting, so the vehicle behind may hit them.
You probably have gotten stuck on the road because of the driver who was
texting while the light was red, but he could not have seen the green light
turned while his focus was on texting. A driver cannot see at cellphone and
road at same time. That is, he cannot multitask while driving. How do you feel
at such moment? At that instant, do you wish that texting while driving should
be banned? If texting while driving is made illegal; it is a traffic law, it is
for our safety.
Road accidents are more likely to occur while
a driver is texting when he/she forgets the motion of wheel. According to
Richtel, “A 2003 Harvard study estimated that cellphone distractions caused
2,600 traffic deaths every year, and 330,000 accidents that result in moderate
or severe injuries.” People may not agree because they have not been in an
accident while they text during driving. Once they got an accident they may
realize the impact. You can avoid texting before you get an accident while
driving. It is very important to focus on road and wheel of a vehicle when you
are driving. You may forget the speed of the wheel while you text as you drive
and accident may occur. Besides that one needs to think about the innocent
students in a school bus, people in public bus, someone he/she loves, children,
disability, happiness and property loss. Even by knowing the fact that texting
reduces the focus on the road, people don’t think accident will happen to them.
Let
us consider an example, a car driver hits a pedestrian while he was texting
while driving and the pedestrian was killed on the spot. What do you think if
you saw that situation, or if you were the driver? The driver will be sent to
jail and he/she have to pay for the victim.
I believe that he/she will feel guilty rest of the lives. The image of
the accident will remain in his head till his/her death. He will be suffered
every single day remembering the mistakes of texting while he was driving
before the accident happened. Now think that what happens to the family of
victim as well as the driver.
When
I used to text while I was driving, I was afraid of being in an accident.
People feel fear that they may get an accident while they are texting while
driving. Most of the people think that it is not ok to text while driving, but
they cannot wait to respond. They forget about being in an accident and the
happiness of life, instead thinking of happiness for a single moment. If you
knew that you were going to hit another car today while you were texting, I am
sure that you would not text today. If you think the same every day, you can
stop texting while driving. I compares car as a good tool if you drive without
distraction, but it is a bad weapon if you text while driving. Not as seems,
texting while driving is a serious matter and it needs to be resolved very
soon.
A
single moment of texting can be taken as carelessness. One of the reason that
texting is dangerous because even a driver have eyes on road, but his/her mind
may be on the message. Not focusing on wheel may result in taking the lives of
several people. We cannot stop the accidents, but if we do care, we can reduce
the chances of accident and deadly accident. To reduce highway death accident
and to make better traffic system, texting while driving should be banned.
Multitasking can be good way to live a life; nevertheless, it is not good idea
while driving. You need to predict about your future. If you text while you
drive, you make road unsafe to drive for yourself as well as other since your
attention are diverted. The Progress Index said, “It is unanimous
recommendation followed the year-long investigation of a chain reaction crash
in Missouri that killed 2 and injured 38. The driver who was found to have
caused the crash, a 19year old man who had sent and received 11 texts in 11
minutes while driving 55 miles an hour and faster was killed.” Texting while
driving is the contemporary issue that needs to be resolved by banning. Even
the problem of talking on a phone is dangerous, texting is the additional issue
introduced.
There
are some ways to end texting while driving. First, education about the risks of
distractive drive should be provided to Americans. Texting while driving is a
safety problem, so drivers need to be aware about its risks and consequences.
Second, Government should ban texting while driving by making traffic law.
Third, traffic polices need to check if the rules of traffic safety are
followed or not.
In conclusion, there are various
reasons that texting while driving should be banned. Although texting while
driving is becoming popular among folks, it is a bad habit. Lives of the people
on the road are much more important than texting. Being safety and making the
road safety for others is another reason why texting should not be allowed
while driving. It is reality, not the mystery that people are being killed by
texting while driving. Then why do not we drive safely, and attentively. It may be okay for you to risk your life by
texting while driving, but you should not forget about the people on the road
who are driving front, behind and next to you. For the safety of public,
texting while driving should be banned by government and traffic police should
have to ensure that the laws are being followed. Do not engage your mind and
eyes on cellphone so that you may regret whole life just because of a single
text message. Do not text, drive safe and focus on the road, not on the screen
of cellphone.
Work
Cited
Petrancosta,
Robert. “There is a reason we can’t text and drive: science” Usa Today. Usa Today, 30 June 2010 11A Web. 12 Mar 2012
Richtel, Matt. “Driven
to Distraction: Drivers and Legislators Dismiss Cellphone Risks” N Newyork
Times. Newyork Times, 18 July 2009 Web. 17 Mar. 2012
“Texting,
Driving should Be Banned.” Progress
Index. Progress Index. Petersburg VA, 21 Dec. 2011 Retrived 13Mar.2012
from ProQuest Newsstand (Document ID: 2546198451) W Web. 16 Mar.2012
4. Compare/Contrast and Descriptive Essay:-
Projects that can be
Creative
Two years ago,
my friend and I loved working together on school projects. At that time, we
used to combine our creativity to design the same projects. Right now, I am
working as a crew member in a fast food restaurant called “Dairy Queen,” while
he is working as an IT network administrator for a multinational company in
Nepal called “IT Offshore.” Last week, we spoke on Skype and I asked him, “How
do you like the job so far?” He said, “I was happy when I was hired, but not
now.” We work for two different companies,
but we have the same thought that working under the supervision limits our
creativity. We can only be satisfied and fulfilled if freedom is provided to
flourish our creativity.
It was about 3 years ago, when my friend,
Sundar and I successfully completed the mini-project titled “Automatic Night
Lamp with Morning Alarm.” We chose each other as group members because we lived
in the same hostel. Once we started the graphic design of that project, I
wanted to use more of the integrated circuits (IC's) because we could learn more
about connecting IC chips, capacitors, transistors, resistors and other
elements. On the other hand, he wanted to make a small design with fewer
elements so that there would not be errors during the presentation. We finished the
project using a fewer number of electronic elements for minimizing the cost,
making it portable and able to function without error. Our professor told us to combine
both of our ideas so that the project became efficient, convenient and center
of attention. We did what our professor told to us and we were able to create
the graphic as well as circuit design with which we successfully completed the
project.
In the past, we used to complete the same
project combining our different ideas. Now, we work in different companies for
different projects, but we are unable to use our creativity. I am working in a
fast food restaurant where I need to work under the boss following different
policies. My creativity is limited as I do the same job every day. I take orders;
make cash and credit transactions, makes food and ice-cream cakes. I am tired
and bored of doing the same thing every day. This does not provide me with
opportunities to use my creativity. I have to work odd hours which leads to
sleep deprivation. I realized that it is almost impossible to feel creative at
a fast food business because company mainly focuses on the satisfaction of
customer and gaining profits. The job is certainly helpful in fulfilling my
economic needs, but I am not very interested in the job because my creativity
cannot flourish.
My friend works in a company called “IT
Offshore.” Last month, he started working there as a network administrator.
When I talked with him, I came to know that he was very happy when he was first
hired. Later on, however, he was no longer interested in the job. He said that
he was just staying there for the experience. He told that it is difficult to
work under such pressure and work policies. My friend wanted to take part in
exhibition for the anniversary of CAN (Computer Association of Nepal) to
demonstrate how CCTV (closed circuit television) works. He requested to his
vice- president for the circuit elements he needs for the project, but the
vice-president did not allow him to work on his ideas. Like me, he said, “The
job is not worth it unless he can have some freedom to run projects of his own.”
Even though we have different jobs, we are not satisfied by working under
pressure.
In school, we had the same projects and we were
satisfied with what we did because school provided more creative opportunities.
We were happy to work on our own and create new ideas and logic to finish our
projects. Now at work, we have different projects which are not of our choice
and therefore we are not creative. Work does not provided creative opportunities.
Working for a company makes our daily life complex and stressful. Thus, we are
both not happy with the company which we work for. We work just to fulfill our
fundamental needs. We are not learning, creating or having fun. Therefore,
working for school projects is fun and creative, while working for a company is
boring and it minimizes the boundaries and independence of creativity.
Back in
school, teacher gave the instruction and direction how to work for the project,
but they do not force us to use their ideas. They told us to do as best as we
can to use creativity. The teacher told us, “If you need help, let me know.” At
work, manager supervises every single moment and forces the employee to do
work. Instead of saying as teacher does, a manager at work ask the employee if
you are all right, or, “are you ok?” A teacher serves the students as being a
social being, whereas a manager is profit-oriented. This is what I found the
differences between managers and teachers are.
I thought my friend was very happy working
for a big company; nevertheless, he is not. When I spoke with him, I realized
that working for a multinational company does not always mean the employee can
be happy about their work. What makes a person happy at work is not the popularity
of their company, but it is the freedom to work under little supervision, with
the ideas of creating logic on their own. The ideas of creativity give person a
better life to become satisfied and best result to the company.
In conclusion, work is the important need of
most of the people in the world. The workplace should be fun and you should
have more freedom at work so that it may reduce stress in life. If company
wants the best results, they should provide freedom to flourish the creativity
of an employee. If the employee have the freedom of what, when, why, and how to
work, obviously he/she will be happy to create new ideas which in turn profits
the company. People like their job not for a big salary and fame of a company,
but the freedom that helps them to use their creativity. Little supervision and
freedom at work helps people to flourish their creativity so that employee can
be fulfilled and satisfied, and employer can get good profit.
Citations:
Ever Green, Skype Interview, Feb.
19 2012.
5.Narrative Essay:-
5.Narrative Essay:-
Two Events that Changed
my Life
The most important thing about my experience was understanding and
changing the perception about life. My story is that I am Nepalese
and I have been living in the US for 2 years. After finishing my
electrical engineering and having some experiences in US, my plan is
to go back to Nepal and involve in the construction of large scale
hydro-power plant, dam and irrigation projects in Nepal. For me,
moving into the United States has great impact in my life. Being
independent, improving in writing, speaking skills are the consequences of life changing events in
my life. Because of the various events, my life has changed in
various ways which helps me to live my life meaningfully and
fruitfully. In fact, there are mainly three major events that changed
my life.
First, the electronic diversity visa is one of the events that
changed my life as it was a surprised opportunity to learn about new
world, America. Two years ago, I got an immigration visa that changed
my perception about life in America. Dreaming about America and
living in America are two different aspects for a foreigner like me.
In the US, I was very surprised to see new faces and know about their
languages, and customs. The first and the main difficulty I found was
to understand the accent of the people. The culture of the US is
completely different than the culture of Nepal, so it took me long
time to dissolve in new culture. From all this, I learned the lesson
to concentrate myself to understand the accent of people. Also,
Learning the cultures in the US helps me to live Americanized life.
As
per practical part, it was not easy to survive on my own which I
didn't think before. In Nepal, I used to live as a member in a family
or group. I didn't have choices in my life and all the decisions were
made by my parents. Before, I never thought of living without
parents, but I became independent and self reliant when I started
living in the US. In the US, I have to pay my bills on my own for the
apartment, school, utility, cell phone, wireless fiction. I have to
make money in order to pay the bills, so I got engaged in work. I
learned the way to live as an individual in the US. Therefore, all my
experiences taught me a lesson to live independent life.
Second, ESL class is another event of my life that changed my
writing techniques. In Nepal, I was not taught about compare and
contrast, narrative, or descriptive essays and I didn't know about
thesis, topic and transitional sentences. The topic of essays were
provided and that used to be no more than four words such as, “my
aim in life,” “rivers in Nepal,” or “education system in
Nepal.” Most of the essay used to be three paragraphs:
introduction, merits and demerits, and conclusion. I didn't have to
provide examples and supporting details in the essay. Teachers told
us that it is not necessary to have correct grammatical structure
for student of pure science, so I was never worried about writing
grammatically correct sentences.
In the US, after I took the placement test for English in NVCC, I
had to take ESL class. Once I started this class, I came to know
fundamentals in writing. I learned the importance of writing in ESL
classes. Even these days, I may not be able to write the perfect
essay, but I have had a lot of improvements in writing skills. For
example, when I first wrote an essay I got 68%. I got 87% for the
final in-class essay. I came to know about brainstorming, preparing
drafts, critical thinking, writing strategies in ESL class. In
addition to this, I came to know that writing is a powerful tool to
express myself. Thus, the ESL classes helped me to improve writing
skills and changed my writing techniques which I was not taught back
in Nepal.
In
the US, I learned to speak more fluently in English either talking
with friends or with the professors. Class discussion, and
presentation helped me to develop the speaking skills, slowly but
continuously. In order to develop leadership activities, NVCC is
becoming a great source to sharpen leadership skills. More precisely,
the posture, gesture and accent of the professor is very helpful in
expressing thoughts. Thus, formal education in the US is an important
event that is useful in sharpening leadership abilities and mass
communication skills.
In
conclusion, there are mainly three major events that changed my life.
Moving into the United States, taking ESL classes in Northern
Virginia Community College (NVCC), and going to two different school in two
different countries had changed my life. Lessons learned from such
kind of experiences is very useful in one's life. Human life is
series of events from which different lessons can be gained. I
learned the lesson to develop myself as an individual, improves in
writing, speaking and leadership skills which definitely will help me
to gain my goal. All the experience and events that I am gaining here
will become a source of inspiration and motivation to succeed my
plan. Therefore, life is progression of events, but some experiments
only can change you to live a meaningful and fruitful life.
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